Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids

Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions in water. They taste sour and turn blue litmus red. Examples: hydrochloric acid and vinegar.

Bases and Alkalis

Bases neutralise acids. Soluble bases are called alkalis and turn red litmus blue. Example: sodium hydroxide.

The pH Scale

The pH scale runs from 0 to 14. Below 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, above 7 is basic.

Salts

When an acid reacts with a base it forms a salt and water. This is called neutralisation.

Key Points

Acid + Base gives Salt + Water.